Friedeich haenichen and otto iiaeniciien



(No Model.)

I. & 0. HAEN'ICHEN. METHOD OF NEUTRALIZING THE RESIDUAL MAGNETISM IN ELEOTRO MAGNETS.

No. 410,276. Patented Sept. 3, 1889.

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{we ewe-Lem. e

M fizz ATTORNEYS.

N. PETERS, Phowunw m, wmin wn. u. c,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRIEDRICH HAENICHEN AND OTTO HAENIGHEN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORS TO THEMSELVES AND OSCAR SEEBASS,

OF NElV YORK, N. Y.

METHOD OF NEUTRALIZING THE RESIDUAL MAGNETISM lN ELECTRO-MAGNETS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 410,276, dated September 3, 1889. Application filed September 18, 1885. Serial No. 177,422. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that We, FRIEDRICH HAENI- CHEN and Orro HAENIOHEN, both of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Methods of Neutralizing the Residual Magnetism in Electro-Wiagnets, of which the following is a specification.

It is Well known that in operating electrical instruments inconvenience and loss of battery-power are caused by the residual magnetism in the cores of elcctroanagnets, which heretofore could not be effectively neutralized.

The object of this invention is to furnish a method of neutralizing the residual magnetism in elcctro-magnets, so that the latter release the armature promptly and quickly, and produce not only a considerable saving in the battery materials, but also a more perfect control of the electro-niagnets used in the electric apparatus.

The invention consists of a method of neutralizing the residual magnetism in electroinagnets by the following steps: First, sending a current in one direction through the coils of the electro-magnet, so as to attract the armature; secondly, sending a current ina reverse direction through the coils of the electro-inagnet, so as to neutralize the residual magnetism of the cores and cause the dropping of the armature and the automatic breaking of the circuit when the complete neutralization of the residual magnetism has taken place.

The accompanying drawing represents a diagram which illustrates the application of our improved method of neutralizing the residual magnetism in electro-inagnets to a telegraph key and sounder.

In the drawing, E represents an electroinagnet; A, the armature of the same; K, a telegraph-key or other circuit closing and breaking device; 13, abattery, and D a disconnect-or by means of Which the current is autoniatically interrupted at the proper moment. The key K is pivoted at one end and provided with a knife-edged contact-piece Z) at opposite sides with insulated projecting studs a a, that act upon springs (Z c at opposite sides of the key K, said springs being arranged, i'espect-ively,witli knife-edged contactpieccs (Z c, which form alternately contact with fixed knife-edged contact-pieces (Z 6 according as the key K is depressed or released and raised by the spring .9. The contact-pieces (Z c are arranged at right angles to the contacts (1 6 so as to reduce the contact-surface as much as possible and prevent the Wear of the contacts. The key K is further provided with a knife-edged contactpiece f, that forms connection With a knifeedged contact-piece f of a yoke f said contact-pieces being also at right angles to each other.

The armature A is pivoted in the usual manner and provided with a stop-screw and spiral spring. It is further provided with an extension-arm D, having a knife-edged contact-piece g, which, in connection With the contact-piece g of a supporting piece D forms the disconnector I).

The positive pole of the battery is connected by a Wire 1 with the contact-pointb, While the contact-point l) of the key K is connected by thekey K with a binding-post p of the same, and then by Wire 3 to one end of the coils of the electro-niagnet E. The opposite end of the coils of the electro-magnet is connected by Wire at to the contactrpiece (Z and the contact-piece d of spring (1 by Wire 5 to a binding-post f on the yoke f and by a wire 6 to the negative pole of the battery B. The contact-piece cof the spring 6 is connected by Wire 7 to the positive pole of the battery, while the contact-piece e is connected by Wire 8 to the armature A and the contactpiece 9 of the disconnector. The contactpiece 9 of the disconnector D is connected by wire 9 to that end of the coils of the electro-niagnct to which the Wire 4% is connected.

By pressing down the key K connection is formed by the contact-points b b and (1 61 whereby the current flows as follows: From the positive pole of the battery, wire 1, contact-pieces b b, key K, and wire 3 to the coil of the eleotro-magnet; thence over wire 4, contacts (1 (1, spring d, wire 5, binding-post f, and wire 6 to the negative pole of the battery. The armature is thereby attracted and the connection between the contacts g g of the disconnector D produced. On releasing the key K it is returned to its normal position by the spring 8, whereby the connection between the contacts I) b and d d is broken and new contacts made at the points e c and f f, so that the current flows as follows: From the positive pole of the battery, wire 7, spring 6, contacts 6' 6 wire 8, armature A, contact-pieces g g, wire 9, through the coils of the electro-magnet, wire 3, binding post 1), key K, contacts f f ,and wire 6 to the negative pole of thebattery. This causes the current to pass in a reverse direction through the coils of the electro-magnet, so as to neutralize the residual magnetism in the cores of the same and cause the instant dropping of the armature and the simultaneous breaking of the circuit bythe separation of the contacts 9 g of thedisconnector D. By the oscillations of the key the current is sent first in one and then in the opposite direction through the coils of the electro-magnet, one current serving to vitalize the cores of the same, so as to attract the ar1nature,while the reverse current serves to neutralize the residual magnetism in the cores of the magnet and the instant release of the armature, whereby the prompt and ready action of the magnet is secured and the armature caused to respond to the key without fail. The reverse current is automatically interrupted by the action of the disconnector, which breaks the said reversed current at the moment when the complete neutralization of the cores of the electro-magnet has taken place. The neutralization of the residual magnetism by the reverse current sent through the coils of the electro-magnet takes place so rapidly and instantly that the operation of the electrical apparatus is not retarded thereby, but, on the contrary, its eitectiven ess considerably increased.

The method described has the advantage that the armature can be placed in close contact with the cores of the magnet, (whereas heretofore the same had to be adjusted at some distance from the same,) and that electrical apparatus of all kinds can be worked with weaker currents ,to produce the same effect as with stronger batteries, whereby a considerable saving in battery-power and expenditure for the same is obtained.

Vt e are aware that slnint-eurrents have been used to weaken or neutralize the strength of a line or vitalizing current and produce thereby the dropping of the armature of an eleotro-magnet, and we do not claim such an arrangement.

In our method of neutralizing the residuary magnetism in the cores of electro-magnets, the full strength of the line-current, after the same is interrupted, is sent, by forming a new contact, in a reverse direction through the coils of the electro-magnet, so that the residuary magnetism of the cores is completely neutralized, and not in part only or by sacrificing a portion of the attractive power of the magnet, as is the case with shunt-currents.

We are aware that it has been before proposed to neutralize residual magnetism in the cores of electro-magnets, as will appear by reference to the patent of Foote and Randall, No. 153,064, dated July 14, 1874, and Smith, No. 306,187, dated October 7, 1884, and we do not claim anything in the patents referred to.

Having described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Pat- (int-s The method herein described of neutralizing the residual magnetism in electro-magnets, which consists of the following steps: first, sending a current in one direction through an electric circuit and the coils of an electro-magnet in the same; secondly, sending a current of the same strength, but of the reverse direction, through said circuit, so as to neutralize completely the residual magnetism in the cores of the electro-magnet, and, thirdly, interrupting the circuit automatically by the action of said reversed current as soon as the neutralization of the residual magnetism in the cores has taken place, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our invention we have signed our names in presence of two subscribing witnesses. V

FRIEDRICH HAENICI'IEN. OTTO HAENIOHEN. Witnesses:

PAUL GoEPEL, OSCAR SEEBAss. 

